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The group antigen of Streptococcus lactis (group N) is an intracellular teichoic acid. It contains glycerophosphate and galactose phosphate, and the latter appears to form part, at least, of the immunological determinant reactive with group N antiserum (S. D. Elliott, Nature 200: 1184, 1963). Cross-reactions occur among teichoic acids, and we now record a series of crossprecipitations between the group N substance (designated strep N) and considerable portions of the antibodies to four different pneumococcal (Pn) capsular polysaccharides (designated S, with appropriate numeral). In two instances the reactivity was anticipated, whereas in the other two the cross-reactions permit deductions concerning the possible constitution of the Pn typespecific substances. The group N streptococcal teichoic acid was prepared from strain C559 ("Orla Jensen") obtained from R. C. Lancefield, as were also anti-N rabbit sera used in this study. Cultures were grown for 18 hr at 37 C in 20-liter amounts of dialysate broth made from Pfanstiehl peptone and containing 1% of dextrose. Part of the teichoic acid was liberated into the culture supernatant fluid from which it could be precipitated by the addition of (NH4)2SO4 to 0.8 saturation. The serologically active material thus obtained was partially purified as already described, and contained, in addition to an undetermined amount of glycerophosphate, 7% galactose (mainly as galactose phosphate), 4.2% phosphorus, and about 30% nucleic acid. Some polyglycerophosphate was also present. The strep N was used without further purification, especially as polyglycerophosphate (M. McCarty, J. Exptl. Med., 109:361, 1959) precipitated only anti-Pn XVI and weakly (Table 1). Quantitative data are given in Table 1 and are discussed below in terms of the quantitative theory of immune precipitation proposed by M. Heidelberger and F. E. Kendall (J. Exptl. Med. 61:563, 1935). It is clear from the footnotes to the Table that at least with types VI and XIV, for which highly purified polysaccharides were available, the antibody precipitated by the N substance was cross-reactive type-specific antipneumococcal globulin and not antiteichoic acid. Had it been the latter, the sum of anti-strep N and anti-S would have exceeded the known homologous anti-S content of the sera. This appears to be true for the other two types as well. Cross-reaction with anti-Pn VI. This was considered a possibility because of the known structure of S VI (R. A. Rebers and M. Heidelberger, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81:2415, 1959; 83:3056, 1961) and that attributed to strep N (S. D. Elliott, Nature 200:1184, 1963). The observed cross-precipitation could be due either to the presence of multiples of D-galactose phosphate in both S VI and strep N (in S VI, the P04 is linked to the 2 position) or to multiples of nonreducing endgroups of D-galactose, as such groupings in polysaccharides were shown to react in anti-Pn VI sera (M. Heidelberger and P. A. Rebers, J. Bacteriol. 80:145, 1960). Both of the available anti-Pn VI horse sera gave precipitates (in one instance 23% of the antibody), and the extent of reaction of each was in accord with previously noted relative reactivities toward polysaccharides containing terminal residues of D-galactose. Cross-reaction with anti-Pn XIV. Precipitation in this antiserum has the same chemical basis as in anti-VI, except that the most likely relevant antigenic determinant in S XIV consists of nonreducing endgroups of D-galactose. Since S XIV also contains 1,3-linked D-galactose, such residues in strep N might reinforce the effect of any terminal groups. Pn VI and Pn XIV cross-react in both directions. The cross-precipitation of strep N in antisera to both of these Pn types strengthens evidence given earlier that the galactose in strep N is at least partly the D isomer. Cross-reactions with anti-Pn XVI and anti-Pn XXVII. According to R. Brown (J. Immunol. 37: 445, 1939), to whom we are indebted for these

Cross-reactions of streptococcal group N teichoic acid in antipneumococcal horse sera of types VI, XIV, XVI, and XXVII