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In a previous communication (Warren et al., 1955) it was noted that gram-negative bacteria pretreated with heat or acetone were lysed by lysozyme. Since the bacteria studied were not sensitive to the enzyme when conventional methods were used, the possibility was considered that this pretreatment made the substrate in the cell more accessible to the action of the lysozyme by the removal or destruction of a barrier constituent which normally prevents the enzyme from attacking its specific substrate. In order to examine the factors which influence the lysis of gram-negative bacteria by lysozyme, an alteration in the cell surface by methods other than treatment with heat or acetone was needed. It was observed that cells of Neisseria catarrhalis when pretreated with polymyxin B sulfate (Pfizer) were readily lysed by lysozyme. Since polymyxin is not only bactericidal to gram-negative bacteria but aqueous solutions of the antibiotic are markedly surface active (Newton, 1953) and possess the ability to alter cell permeability (Newton, 1954), it was considered of interest to study the relationship between polymyxin activity and lysis of bacterial cells by lysozyme. Electron microscopic observations were also made on the effect of polymyxin and lysozyme on the cell structure of N. catarrhalis.

EFFECT OF POLYMYXIN ON THE LYSIS OF NEISSERIA CATARRHALIS BY LYSOZYME