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culture of a mouse-virulent anthrax strain. He thought at first that this might be an anthrax mutant, but later decided that it was a Bacillus megaterium intermediate (Guex-Holzer and Tomesik, J. Gen. Microbiol., 14, 14-25, 1956). We examined the culture and are in full agreement with this view. This leaves the paper of Brown et al., (J. Bacteriol., 69, 590-602, 1955) as the only recent and circumstantial description of motile anthrax mutants. These workers exposed anthrax cultures to a bacteriophage obtained from a virulent, lysogenic B. anthracis (strain Ohio). Nine of the bacteriophage treated strains-and only these nine-regularly produced motile variants which Brown et al. found biochemically and pathologically indistinguishable from B. anthracis. A careful study of the paper by Brown et al. revealed no obviously uncontrolled source of error. However, in their assessment of pathogenicity, the authors may have been unduly influenced by Nordberg (Nord. Vet. Med., 5, 915-924, 1953), who has apparently found difficulty in distinguishing experimental anthrax infections from deaths following the injection of broth cultures of B. cereus (Chu, J. Gen. Microbiol., 3, 255-273, 1949). Dr. Cherry very kindly sent us 6 of the motile transformed strains; 4 proved to be B. subtilis, and 2 B. cereus. Our findings were reported to Dr. Cherry in September, 1955. He re-examined his stocks of motile B. anthracis and agreed that these were now contaminated and that no trace of motile anthrax organisms remained. The matter was left in abeyance while Dr. Cherry tried to repeat the earlier work. These attempts have failed (Cherry, personal communication), and we feel that it should be made clear that the existence of motile B. anthracis is debatable, and that the ingenious genetic mechanism postulated for the derivation of these strains may be insecurely based. In both the introduction and discussion to their paper Brown et al. placed considerable weight on the induction of motility and capsulation in an avirulent anthrax strain by MIanninger and N6grAdi. However, the motile capsulated strain obtained was shown to be B. subtilis (Tomesik, personal communication). Brown et al. also discussed at some length the derivation by Tomcsik (1949) of anthrax strains able to produce capsules under ordinary atmospheric conditions from strains which were uncapsulated under these conditions. Tomesik actually stated that on the basis of experimental evidence the question of a transformation reaction has to be left open, and emphasized that he was unable to induce capsulation in a completely avirulent-that is to say, genotypically uncapsulated-anthrax strain. It must therefore be emphasized that no transformation of B. anthracis from a genotypically noncapsulated to a capsulated state has yet been effected. Arguments are therefore invalid if based on the impression that such transformations have been demonstrated.

ADAPTATION OF THE MEMBRANE FILTER TECHNIQUE TO THE RECOVERY OF COAGULASE POSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM HUMAN SALIVA