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That there are conflicting views as to the effect of cold upon bacteria is readily apparent from only a casual perusal of the literature, and no effort will be made here to review the voluminous work on the subject except as it pertains directly to our own research. For a review of the literature dealing with the effect of cold on organisms in general, one may refer to the monograph by Luyet and Gehenio (1940), and for reviews dealing specifically with bacteria, to the dissertations of Major (1953) and McDougal (1954). We believe that crucial experiments can be devised to attack the main problem-the actual cause of death-only after understanding the effect of the variables inherent in the process of freezing and thawing. Two obvious variables are the species of bacteria and the initial cell concentration. As far as we know, no critical study has been made on the effect of the initial cell concentration upon survival. Rivers (1927), however, did note that the percentage survival of 2 dilutions of Escherichia coli in Locke's solution, frozen (-185 C) and thawed (16 to 18 C) 4 successive times, was greater in the less dilute suspension than in the more dilute suspension. No such relationship was observed to occur with broth suspensions.

THE EFFECT OF THE INITIAL CELL CONCENTRATION UPON SURVIVAL OF BACTERIA AT −22 C