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Evidence has been presented (DeLamater, 1951b, 1953) for the occurrence of cellular fusion in Bacillws megaterium by means of the formation of conjugation tubes. The participating cells subsequently swell into large structures containing what appear to be diploid nuclei. It was noted that this process occurred readily on media containing 4 per cent huiman blood. Furthermore, when agar cultures were held for several days, secondary colonies appeared, which on microscopic examination contained a high percentage of the large type celLs. It was felt that under these conditions secondary colonies might constitute colonial growth of a diplophase, especially since origin of such large celLs had been observed. In consequence of these observations, the simultaneous study of the conditions which induce both cellular fusion and secondary colony formation in this orgaism was undertaken. The data presented are expected to be of value in the extension and confirmation of what is believed to constitute a cytological demonstration of sexuality in bacteria. Equally stimulating is the hope that such a study will facilitate the demonstration of genetic recombinations in B. megaterium. This paper constitutes a report on the studies so far accomplished along this line. The concept concerning secondary colonies formulated here as a working hypothesis is not intended as a comprehensive plan including all cases, but as a special case which may or may not be more general in application. The studies by Kristensen (1944) and Barkulis (1949) on the rhamnose mutation of Eberthella typhosa, and those of Lewis (1934) on the lactose fermenting papillae of Escherichia coli-mutabile, indicate

PRELIMINARY STUDIES INTO THE CONDITIONS CONTROLLING CELLULAR FUSION AND SECONDARY COLONY FORMATION IN BACILLUS MEGATERIUM