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Frobisher and Parsons (1943) reported that rabbits injected with broth cultures of living avirulent (nontoxigenic) Corynebacterium diphtheriae developed significant resistance to subsequent injections of living cultures of virulent (toxigenic) C. diphtheriae. Their experiments involved 21 immunized and 11 control animals. These were tested with a challenge dose that was fatal to all of the 11 control rabbits, which died on an average of 3.6 days after the dose was administered.2 Of the immulnized animals 4 survived, the other 17 dying after an average of 7 days. In all, 48 per cent manifested some degree of resistance, including the 4 survivors. Resistance was ascribed to mobilization of cutaneous defenses, which effected, not a neutralization of toxin by antitoxin, but toxin localization. Antitoxin was not present. Apparently resistance was related to a greatly enhanced tissue reactivity and was presumably engendered by somatic antigens of the bacilli against a heterologous antigen-the exotoxin. The present investigation was undertaken to extend and verify these observations and to collect further information regarding the phenomena observed.

Further Studies on the Immunization of Rabbits to Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae by Injections of Nontoxigenic Diphtheria Bacilli