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As early as 1896 Park and Williams (1896) recommended the use of glucose in small quantities as an aid in the production of toxic filtrates from C. diphtheriae. In contrast to Spronck (1895) they found, moreover, that the muscle sugar present in the infusion broth was not harmful to toxin production. T. Smith (1899) a short time afterwards, following a very complete study on the relation of glucose to the production of diphtheria toxin, reported that glucose added in small amounts to sugar-free meat infusion broth considerably enhanced the production of diphtheria toxin. Since this early work apparently little attention has been paid to the use of glucose in toxin production until the work of Wadsworth and Wheeler (1928). These authors found that glucose is essential for growth and toxin production in meat-infusion sugar-free peptone medium. Locke and Mann (1928) and Ramon (1929) have also only recently reported the use of glucose in the production of high-titered diphtheria toxin. Glucose in 0.2 per cent concentration is used routinely in the production of diphtheria toxin by the Division of Laboratories and Research of the New York State Department of Health. Earlier in the year we (Hazen and Heller) (1931) published a brief report of studies in which glucose and maltose had been used to enrich culture media for growth of C. diphtheriae. We found that the addition of either 195

journal of bacteriology

Further Studies upon the Effect of Various Carbohydrates on Production of Diphtheria Toxin with Special Reference to its Flocculating Titer and Final pH