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Aside from the agglutination test, the most common method of differentiating between the paratyphoids, alpha and beta, is the reaction with litmus milk. Alpha is usually stated to give a permanent acidity while beta is said to give a permanent alkaline reaction after an initial acidity. Lehmann and Neumann (1912), for example, state that for B. paratyphosus A, litmus milk "bleibt sauer (B. paratyphosus B wird alkalish und blau.)" It is stated, moreover, that in litmus milk alpha is, "wie Typhus, ohne Aufhellung." While engaged in a broader study of the relationships of pathogenic milk-alkaline organisms as a whole, the attention of the writer was engaged by reactions of the paratyphoids which appeared to depart from the usually accepted type. The data to which attention is directed are presented in the accompanying table, which shows the reaction of eight strains oi B. paratyphosus A, five strains of B. paratyphosus B, three strains of B. enteritidis, two strains of B. suipestifer, five strains of Bact. pullorum, and (for controls giving permanent neutral reaction to the time of evaporation) three strains of B. avisepticus. Except for Cultures 5 and 8, the strains of B. paratyphosus A were received from Dr. Krumwiede of the New York City Department of Health. They were checked by agglutination tests and were found to correspond with other strains of B. paratyphosus A. Similar agglutination tests showed the approxi-

NOTE ON THE REACTION OF THE PARATYPHOIDS, ALPHA AND BETA, IN LITMUS MILK