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Like most temperate bacteriophages, phage Mx8 integrates into a preferred locus on the genome of its host,Myxococcus xanthus , by a mechanism of site-specific recombination. The Mx8int-attP genes required for integration map within a 2.2-kilobase-pair (kb) fragment of the phage genome. When this fragment is subcloned into a plasmid vector, it facilitates the site-specific integration of the plasmid into the 3′ ends of either of two tandem tRNAAsp genes,trnD1 andtrnD2 , located within theattB locus of theM. xanthus genome. Although Int-mediated site-specific recombination occurs betweenattP and eitherattB1 (withintrnD1 ) orattB2 (withintrnD2 ), theattP × attB1 reaction is highly favored and often is accompanied by a deletion betweenattB1 andattB2 . Theint gene is the only Mx8 gene required intrans forattP × attB recombination. Theint promoter lies within the 106-bp region immediately upstream of one of two alternate GTG start codons, GTG-5208 (GTG at bp 5208) and GTG-5085, for integrase and likely is repressed in the prophage state. All but the C-terminal 30 amino acid residues of the Int protein are required for its ability to mediateattP × attB recombination efficiently. TheattP core lies within theint coding sequence, and the product of integration is a prophage in which the 3′ end ofint is replaced by host sequences. The prophageintX gene is predicted to encode an integrase with a different C terminus.

Site-Specific Recombination of Temperate Myxococcus xanthus Phage Mx8: Genetic Elements Required for Integration