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Spermine is present in relatively low amounts in Paracoccus denitrificans cultured aerobically in an ammonium succinate minimal salts medium supplemented with 50 microM iron(III). However, in iron-deprived cultures [minimal salts medium containing 0.5 microM iron(III)], spermine content increases by an order of magnitude in coordination with the well-known responses to iron derivation, e.g., derepression of siderophore synthesis and siderophore excretion. When iron-deprived cultures exhibiting both high spermine content and strong siderophore production are reseeded into fresh minimal salts medium containing 50 microM iron[III], both siderophore production and spermine content fall rapidly. Five hours after iron supplementation, spermine is below limits of detection. These results suggest a specific role for spermine in the response of P. denitrificans to low-iron stress.

Increase in spermine content coordinated with siderophore production in Paracoccus denitrificans