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The question of the identity of the organisms concerned in the decomposition of cellulose in nature has long attracted the attention of the microbiologist, due to the great predominance of this group of polysaccharides in nature and to the important r6le that microorganisms play in its transformation into simpler compounds. The ability of fungi to decompose celluloses and the part played by actinomycetes has been pointed out elsewhere (Waksman and Skinner, 1926). It is the question of cellulose decomposition by bacteria which has been the subject of most active controversy; and, even at present, while the bacteria capable of breaking down celluloses are classified into at least five groups (Pringsheim, 1923), a great deal of confusion still exists concerning their identity and interrelationship. Without going into a detailed review of the literature, attention may only be called to the following facts: 1. There is no definite proof that anaerobic bacteria are capable of decomposing cellulose, at least in normal soils. Cellulose can no doubt be decomposed very actively under anaerobic conditions, but it still remains to be proven whether this process is carried out by purely anaerobic forms or by an association of aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria and anaerobic forms which utilize the products of the former. Khouvine (1923) is the only worker who has undoubtedly succeeded in isolating an anaerobic organism, Bact. cellulosae-dis8solvens, capable of decomposing cellulose actively (much less vigorously, however, in pure than in crude culture).

THE USE OF THE SILICA GEL PLATE FOR DEMONSTRATING THE OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE OF CELLULOSE-DECOMPOSING BACTERIA