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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from 20 strains ofRhizobium andAgrobacterium and from one strain ofSerratia marcescens ; the guanine plus cytosine content of each DNA sample was determined by thermal denaturation. Radioactive DNA was isolated from three reference strains following the uptake of [2-14 C ]thymidine in the presence of deoxyadenosine. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase was used to synthesize radioactive RNA on DNA templates from the three reference strains. Radioactive DNA and RNA from the three reference strains were each hybridized with filter-bound DNA from all of the 21 test strains in 6 × SSC (standard saline citrate) and 50% formamide at 43 C for 40 hr. DNA/DNA relatedness was also determined by spectrophotometric measurement of the rates of association of single-stranded DNA. The order of relatedness between strains was similar by each method. Overall standard deviations for the DNA/DNA and DNA/RNA membrane filter techniques were ±0.87 and ±1.03%, respectively; that for the spectrophotometric technique was ±4.11%. The DNA/DNA membrane technique gave higher absolute values of hybridization than did the DNA/RNA technique.R. leguminosarum andR. trifolii could not be distinguished from each other by these techniques. These results also indicated close relationships betweenR. lupini andR. japonicum , and (with less certainty) betweenR. meliloti andR. phaseoli . Of all the rhizobia tested against theA. tumefaciens 371 reference strain, theR. japonicum strains were the most unrelated. The threeAgrobacterium strains used were as related to theR. lupini andR. leguminosarum references as were several rhizobium strains.

Relatedness Among Rhizobium and Agrobacterium Species Determined by Three Methods of Nucleic Acid Hybridization