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Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citrumelo is a citrus pathogen causing citrus bacterial spot disease that is geographically restricted within the state of Florida. Illumina, 454 sequencing, and optical mapping were used to obtain a complete genome sequence ofX. axonopodis pv. citrumelo strain F1, 4.9 Mb in size. The strain lacks plasmids, in contrast to other citrusXanthomonas pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this pathogen is very close to the tomato bacterial spot pathogenX. campestris pv. vesicatoria 85-10, with a completely different host range. We also comparedX. axonopodis pv. citrumelo to the genome of citrus canker pathogenX. axonopodis pv. citri 306. Comparative genomic analysis showed differences in several gene clusters, like those for type III effectors, the type IV secretion system, lipopolysaccharide synthesis, and others. In addition topthA , effectors such asxopE3, xopAI , andhrpW were absent fromX. axonopodis pv. citrumelo while present inX. axonopodis pv. citri. These effectors might be responsible for survival and the low virulence of this pathogen on citrus compared to that ofX. axonopodis pv. citri. We also identified unique effectors inX. axonopodis pv. citrumelo that may be related to the different host range as compared to that ofX. axonopodis pv. citri.X. axonopodis pv. citrumelo also lacks various genes, such assyrE1, syrE2 , and RTX toxin family genes, which were present inX. axonopodis pv. citri. These may be associated with the distinct virulences ofX. axonopodis pv. citrumelo andX. axonopodis pv. citri. Comparison of the complete genome sequence ofX. axonopodis pv. citrumelo to those ofX. axonopodis pv. citri andX. campestris pv. vesicatoria provides valuable insights into the mechanism of bacterial virulence and host specificity.

journal of bacteriology

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citrumelo F1, Which Causes Citrus Bacterial Spot Disease, and Related Strains Provides Insights into Virulence and Host Specificit