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CbbR and RegA (PrrA) are transcriptional regulators of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) CO2 fixation pathway (cbbI and cbbII) operons of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The CbbR and RegA proteins interact, but CbbR must be bound to the promoter DNA in order for RegA-CbbR protein-protein interactions to occur. RegA greatly enhances the ability of CbbR to bind the cbbI promoter or greatly enhances the stability of the CbbR/promoter complex. The N-terminal receiver domain and the DNA binding domain of RegA were shown to interact with CbbR. Residues in α-helix 7 and α-helix 8 of the DNA binding domain (helix-turn-helix) of RegA directly interacted with CbbR, with α-helix 7 positioned immediately above the DNA and α-helix 8 located in the major groove of the DNA. A CbbR protein containing only the DNA binding motif and the linker helix was capable of binding to RegA. In contrast, a truncated CbbR containing only the linker helix and recognition domains I and II (required for effector binding) was not able to interact with RegA. The accumulated results strongly suggest that the DNA binding domains of both proteins interact to facilitate optimal transcriptional control over the cbb operons. In vivo analysis, using constitutively active mutant CbbR proteins, further indicated that CbbR must interact with phosphorylated RegA in order to accomplish transcriptional activation.

Amino Acid Residues of RegA Important for Interactions with the CbbR-DNA Complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides