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The symbiosis polysaccharide locus,syp , is required forVibrio fischeri to form a symbiotic association with the squidEuprymna scolopes . It is also required for biofilm formation induced by the unlinked regulator RscS. Thesyp locus includes 18 genes that can be classified into four groups based on putative function: 4 genes encode putative regulators, 6 encode glycosyltransferases, 2 encode export proteins, and the remaining 6 encode proteins with other functions, including polysaccharide modification. To understand the roles of each of the 14 structuralsyp genes in colonization and biofilm formation, we generated nonpolar in-frame deletions of each gene. All of the deletion mutants exhibited defects in their ability to colonize juvenile squid, although the impact of the loss of SypB or SypI was modest. Consistent with their requirement for colonization, most of the structural genes were also required for RscS-induced biofilm formation. In particular, the production of wrinkled colonies, pellicles, and the matrix on the colony surface was eliminated or severely decreased in all mutants except for thesypB andsypI mutants; in contrast, only a subset of genes appeared to play a role in attachment to glass. Finally, immunoblotting data suggested that the structural Syp proteins are involved in polysaccharide production and/or export. These results provide important insights into the requirements for thesyp genes under different environmental conditions and thus lay the groundwork for a more complete understanding of the matrix produced byV. fischeri to enhance cell-cell interactions and promote symbiotic colonization.

journal of bacteriology

Roles of the Structural Symbiosis Polysaccharide ( <i>syp</i> ) Genes in Host Colonization, Biofilm Formation, and Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Vibrio fischeri

Roles of the Structural Symbiosis Polysaccharide ( syp ) Genes in Host Colonization, Biofilm Formation, and Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Vibrio fischeri