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Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) measurements and the processing of samples have been refined to a point where the energetics and growth potential of microscopic samples of unwashed host-grown, host-dependent microbes can be investigated. Mycobacterium lepraemurium, the noncultivated agent of murine leprosy, was employed to examine three reports of the slow microscopic growth of this organism in the absence of host cells. A few million bacterial cells were enclosed in Rightsel- and Ito-type diffusion chambers, which were incubated in vitro and in the peritoneal cavities of mice. In the in vitro experiments, a complex medium containing bovine serum and mouse brain extracts, renewed three times a week, did not sustain the energetics of the bacilli. The microscopic counts declined to 72% and the ATP per culture to 9% of the original values. Very different results were obtained from chambers incubated in the peritoneal cavities of mice. The bacterial biomass increased 2.7-fold and the ATP per culture increased 2.5-fold. Because the ATP per cell was 93% of the original, this system is regarded as the first to permit the extracellular growth of a so-called "obligate intracellular microbe." The results obtained with only 1 x 10(6) host-grown cells per assay demonstrate a significant biochemical tool for investigating the growth potential of host-grown microbes during the progression, regression, and therapy of disease.

Energetics (Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate) of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in Diffusion Chambers Incubated In Vitro and in Mice