English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Expression library immunization (ELI) is a novel protocol for the systemic screening of any given genome to identify potential vaccine candidates. The basic concept of ELI intro- duced by Barry et al. is simple yet powerful (9) and can be applied to screen sequenced or unsequenced genomes of in- fectious agents. In principle, ELI can reduce any pathogen's genome in a relatively unbiased way to only a few antigens that provide protective immune responses. The essential concept in this approach is to employ the host immune system to select the best vaccine candidates against a particular disease. The essence of this approach is that the entire genome of a patho- gen (bacterial, viral, parasitic, or fungal) can be cloned into genetic immunization vectors under the control of a eukaryotic promoter to create a library that would express all the open reading frames (ORFs) of a pathogen. Purified plasmid DNA from this library is inoculated into animals, usually in sub- genomic pools of clones, to induce immune responses against the cloned antigens. The immunized animals are then chal- lenged with the pathogenic organism to see which clones in- duced protective immunity and therefore which pool of anti- gens should be further deconvoluted to individual protective antigens. The main advantage of ELI is twofold; it provides a rapid screening protocol for an entire genome and the readout of screening is often protection, an end goal for vaccine devel- opment. In this review, we will focus our discussion on the technical merits of ELI compared to those of other vaccine discovery systems directed against infectious diseases. We will also explain the advantage and limitations of different ELI protocols and their application to search the genomes of bac- terial, viral, and eukaryotic parasites. Finally, we will discuss the future of ELI in light of the current genomic revolution. Worldwide statistics of infectious disease (46) indicate an increase in the spreading of infectious agents. The best possi- ble hope to combat these infections is to develop new vaccines. Scientists are in a fierce race against these pathogens to reduce the death toll of nearly 13 million estimated each year from infectious diseases (33, 91). Among the 578 outbreaks verified

Expression Library Immunization: a Road Map for Discovery of Vaccines against Infectious Diseases