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Antisera prepared in rabbits against purified mouse thymocytes (antithymocyte serum; ATS) and peritoneal macrophages (antimacrophage serum; AMS) were injected intraperitoneally into Balb/c mice infected with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. When administered near the initiation of infection, the ATS significantly decreased the survival time of the animals and increased the mortality rate. When ATS was administered 6 days after a sublethal dose of L. monocytogenes had been inoculated, an overt disease did not evolve. ATS that significantly potentiated primary listeriosis also had high cytotoxicity titers for thymocytes and lymphoid cells from the peritoneal cavity. Although cytotoxic activity against peritoneal macrophages could be demonstrated in lower dilutions of the ATS, this activity did not appear to correlate with the effects of the sera on listeriosis. The injection of AMS did not enhance the infectious process. In some trials more deaths occurred among mice receiving normal rabbit serum than those receiving AMS. All of the AMS had cytotoxic titers against peritoneal macrophages, and the sera were usually inactive against thymocytes and peritoneal lymphoid cells. Listeria was isolated from fatally infected mice with nearly equal success in all of the serum-treated groups, and the serum treatments did not appear to alter the pattern of gross lesions. The afferent limb of the immune response was markedly affected by the presence of antibodies to lymphocytes. However, antibodies reacting with macrophages did not demonstrably enhance the Listeria process, which depends upon cellular immunity as the principal means of acquired host defense.

Effects of Antithymocyte and Antimacrophage Sera on the Survival of Mice Infected with Listeria monocytogenes