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Using microarray technology, we studied the early differential expression of 3,528 genes in human meningothelial cells in response to meningococcal challenge. Thirty-two genes were up-regulated, and four were down-regulated. Those up-regulated included the tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 (but not IL-1beta) genes, suggesting that meningeal cells may be a local and early source of these cytokines. Also, a trend in up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes was observed. This is the first evidence that meningothelial cells may mount cytoprotective responses to pathogenic bacteria.

Differential Gene Expression during Meningeal-Meningococcal Interaction: Evidence for Self-Defense and Early Release of Cytokines and Chemokines