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A Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin, designated VcVac, was found to cause vacuolation in Vero cells. It was originally detected in the pathogenic O1 Amazonia variant of V. cholerae and later shown to be produced in environmental strains and some El Tor strains. Comparison of VcVac production in various strains suggested that hemolysin was responsible for the vacuolating phenotype. Genetic experiments established a firm correlation between vacuolation and hemolysin production. The mammalian cell vacuolating activity of the V. cholerae hemolysin is a new property of this protein and points to a previously unknown type of interaction between V. cholerae and its host.

Cytotoxic Cell Vacuolating Activity from Vibrio cholerae Hemolysin