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Phenotypic switching inCandida albicans spontaneously generates different cellular morphologies and is manifested in strain WO-1 by the reversible switching between the white and opaque phenotypes. We present evidence that phenotypic switching is regulated by the Efg1 protein, which is known as an essential element of hyphal development (dimorphism). Firstly,EFG1 is expressed specifically in cells of the white but not the opaque phenotype. During mass conversion from the opaque to the white phenotype, theEFG1 transcript level correlates with competence of switching of opaque cells to the white form. Secondly, overexpression ofEFG1 by aPCK1p-EFG1 fusion forces opaque-phase cells to switch to the white form with a high level of efficiency. Thirdly, low-level expression ofEFG1 in strain CAI-8 generates a cellular phenotype similar to that of opaque cells in that cells bud as short rods, which cannot be induced to form hyphae in standard conditions; such cells (unlike authentic opaque cells) lack typical surface “pimples.” Importantly, the opaque-specificOP4 transcript is induced in the opaque-like cells generated by strain CAI8 as a response to low-level expression ofEFG1 . The results suggest that highEFG1 expression levels induce and maintain the white cell form while lowEFG1 expression levels induce and maintain the opaque cell form. It is proposed that changes inEFG1 expression determine or contribute to phenotypic switching events inC. albicans .

Control of White-Opaque Phenotypic Switching in Candida albicans by the Efg1p Morphogenetic Regulator