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Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe and lethal disease caused by the protozoan parasites of the genusLeishmania . In areas where leishmaniasis is endemic, most infected individuals control the infection and remain asymptomatic; chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis restores some immunity which protects against relapses. In the present study,Leishmania -specific T-cell clones were established from six asymptomatic and five cured patients. Cytokines production by these clones was analyzed. A large fraction of the parasite-specific T-cell clones from asymptomatic patients were CD8+ and produced high amounts of gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Most CD4+ T-cell clones from two asymptomatic subjects exhibited an unusual phenotype: production of high levels of IFN-γ low levels of interleukin-4, (IL-4), but high levels of IL-5. In contrast, only few parasite-specific CD8+ T-cell clones were obtained from cured patients after chemotherapy; moreover, CD4+ T-cell clones from these patients exhibited an heterogeneous profile of cytokines from Th1-like to Th2-like phenotypes. These results point to CD8+ T cells and to IL-5- and IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells as possible contributors to human resistance toLeishmania infection. They should stimulate new immunological approaches in the control of this disease.

infection and immunity

Control ofLeishmania infantumInfection Is Associated with CD8+and Gamma Interferon- and Interleukin-5-Producing CD4+Antigen-Specific T Cells