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Previous studies using the guinea pig model of chlamydial genital infection demonstrated that primary infection is associated with a marked acute inflammatory response early on, while chronic inflammation appears later, at a time when the level of infection is reduced. Challenge infections result primarily in a chronic inflammatory response. The stimuli that initiate inflammation and lead to tissue damage have not been defined. We investigated the possibility that tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) play a role in the inflammatory response to chlamydial genital tract infection. Cytotoxicity assays for TNF were performed on genital tract secretions collected from female guinea pigs during infection with the Chlamydia psittaci agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis. During the early days of primary infection, high levels of TNF-alpha were detected in genital tract secretions from inbred S2 strain and outbred Hartley strain guinea pigs. Significantly lower levels of TNF-alpha were detected in secretions from both strains during challenge infection. In general, the intensity of the TNF-alpha response was proportional to the intensity of infection. High TNF-alpha levels were present during primary infection at a time of marked neutrophil influx. Thus, TNF-alpha may play an important role in the response to primary chlamydial genital tract infection.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha activity in genital tract secretions of guinea pigs infected with chlamydiae