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Experiments were carried out to determine whether macrophages can be activated in vitro to resist challenge with heterologous microorganisms. Sensitized spleen cells from guinea pigs chronically infected withToxoplasma gondii were cultured with normal guinea pig peritoneal macrophages in the presence and absence ofToxoplasma antigen. Macrophage monolayers incubated with sensitized spleen cells and antigen were markedly resistant to challenge fromListeria monocytogenes . Resistance was manifested by prolonged survival of the monolayers and rapid intracellular killing of the bacteria. Macrophages incubated with sensitized spleen cells but in the absence of antigen, as well as macrophages cultured with normal spleen cells, in the presence or absence of antigen, were rapidly destroyed. Sensitized spleen cells responded to the presence ofToxoplasma antigen by increased uptake of tritium-labeled thymidine. Supernatant fluid medium obtained from cultures of macrophages, sensitized spleen cells, and antigen contained a macrophage migration inhibitory factor(s). In addition, these supernatant fluids were capable of inducing increased resistance toListeria in normal macrophages.

In Vitro Induction of Nonspecific Resistance in Macrophages by Specifically Sensitized Lymphocytes