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To assess the separate contributions of host T cells and the physical state of the antigen in the development of effective.Salmonella resistance, glutaraldehyde-treated and untreated protein- and ribonucleic acid-rich extracts (E-RNA extracts) of virulentSalmonella typhimurium SR-11 or attenuatedS. typhimurium RIA were used to immunizeSalmonella -resistantSalmonella -susceptible strains of mice for the purpose of determining whether antigen-specific T-cell or B-cell responses were formed and, if so, which responses predominated. The resistance imparted to each mouse strain after vaccination withS. typhimurium RIA was used as the standard for comparison. The inbred mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2 and their F1 hybrid (strain BDF1 ), outbred ICR Swiss mice, and endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice were examined for the capacity to develop resistance to lethalSalmonella infections, as well as the ability to generate antigen-reactive T cells. Only the BDF1 , C3H/HeJ, and ICR Swiss mice were able to develop resistance to challenge infections mediated by the virulent SR-11 strain ofS. typhimurium after vaccination with the living, attenuated RIA strain ofS. typhimurium or immunization with E-RNA extracts. We developed an assay to identify the antigen-reactive rosette-forming lymphocytes present in lymph nodes and spleens of immunized mice. Levels of 0.2% or higher of theta antigen-bearing, antigen-reactive rosette-forming cells were found in the lymph nodes or spleens or both of only the BDF1 , C3H/HeJ, and ICR Swiss mice (i.e., in the “Salmonella responder” strains). Mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2, which failed to develop resistance to lethal infections after immunization with theS. typhimurium RIA vaccine or with the E-RNA extracts, lacked effective numbers of antitheta antigen-sensitive rosette-forming cells. Modification of the effective E-RNA extracts by polymerization with glutaraldehyde resulted in a marked diminution in their abilities to induce resistance to salmonellosis in the two responder mouse strains tested (BDF1 and ICR Swiss), even though detectable levels of antibody were induced.

Antigenic Modification, Rosette-Forming Cells, and Salmonella typhimurium Resistance in Outbred and Inbred Mice