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Experiments were conducted to examine the aerosol stability and respiratory infectivity of Japanese B encephalitis virus. At 75 degrees F (about 24 degrees C), survival of the virus as aerosol was inversely related to relative humidity. After correction for physical decay, the mean virus half-lives of the virus were 28, 38, and 62 min at relative humiditis of 80, 55, and 30%, respectively. Virus recoveries as aerosol at 4 min aftr dissemination generally exceeded the theoretical limit of 100%, based on the amount disseminated, to suggest that the process of dissemination operated to deagglomerate or release bound virus from the tissue cells in suspension. Swiss-ICR mice and golden Syrian hamsters were highly susceptible to lethal infections after respiratory challenge. Hartley strain guinea pigs and Fisher-Dunning rats, although infected, based on seroconversion observations, survived the infections. Deaths occurred in squirrel monkeys only after exposure to a high aerosol dose of virus (10(6.0) plaque-forming units). Studies of the virus concentration dynamics and histopathological findings in mouse tissues after aerosol challenge supported a hypothesis for direct transport of virus across the foramina of the cribriform plate to the tissues of the central nervous system to produce primary encephalitis.

Aerosol stability and respiratory infectivity of japanese B encephalitis virus