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Five strains ofBacteroides fragilis isolated from human feces were assayed for their inhibitory activities againstShigella flexneri in vitro. Inhibition was not detected whenShigella and theBacteroides strains were simultaneously inoculated into a defined liquid medium containing glucose. Inhibition was apparent only whenShigella was inoculated into establishedBacteroides cultures. In exponential-phase cultures, theShigella growth rate was diminished and logarithmic growth was prematurely interrupted.Shigella failed to multiply at all in stationary-phaseBacteroides cultures. An analysis of the stationary-phase cultures revealed that acetic and propionic acids were present in sufficiently high concentrations and thep H of the culture medium was sufficiently low to account for the inhibition ofShigella growth. In glucose-freeBacteroides cultures,Shigella multiplied almost as well as in control cultures, despite the presence of high concentrations of volatile fatty acids. At the highp H levels present in the glucose-free cultures, the acids were not toxic forShigella. These results reaffirm the importance of the relationship between volatile fatty acids andp H in the inhibition ofShigella growth.

Inhibition of Shigella flexneri by the Normal Intestinal Flora III. Interactions with Bacteroides fragilis Strains in Vitro