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The ability of bacterial organisms to produce an extracellular polysaccharide matrix known as slime has been associated with increased virulence and delayed infections in various prosthetic implants. Within a biofilm, this slime may protect the embedded bacteria from host defense mechanisms, especially phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. To determine whether planktonic Staphylococcus epidermidis is protected in a similar way, a novel flow cytometric assay was performed, measuring ingestion and adherence during phagocytosis and the production of superoxide during oxidative burst. Hydrophobicity was determined by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Slime-producing S. epidermidis RP62A and its phenotypic variant, non-slime-producing RP62A-NA, were compared. The results showed increased phagocytosis of RP62A at 2, 5, 10, and 30 min; increased adherence of RP62A at 30 s and 30 min; and increased superoxide production of RP62A after 2 min. Decreased hydrophobicity of RP62A over RP62A-NA was correlated with a hydrophilic slime coat. The data argue that the host aggressively combats slime-producing S. epidermidis. This biological phenomenon is potentially important during bacteremia to prevent further adhesion, accumulation, and the genesis of a bacterial biofilm on implants or tissue surfaces.

Phagocytosis and oxidative-burst response of planktonic Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A and its non-slime-producing variant in human neutrophils