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We investigated the ability of a detoxified derivative of a Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-encoding bacteriophage to infect and lysogenize entericEscherichia coli strains and to develop infectious progeny from such lysogenized strains. Thestx2 gene of the patientE. coli O157:H7 isolate 3538/95 was replaced by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat ) gene from plasmid pACYC184. Phage φ3538(Δstx2 ::cat ) was isolated after induction ofE. coli O157:H7 strain 3538/95 with mitomycin. A variety of strains of enteropathogenicE. coli (EPEC), enteroinvasiveE. coli (EIEC), Stx-producingE. coli (STEC), enterotoxigenicE. coli (ETEC), enteroaggregativeE. coli (EAEC), andE. coli from the physiological stool microflora were infected with φ3538(Δstx2 ::cat ), and plaque formation and lysogenic conversion of wild-typeE. coli strains were investigated. With the exception of one EIEC strain, none of theE. coli strains supported the formation of plaques when used as indicators for φ3538(Δstx2 ::cat ). However, 2 of 11 EPEC, 11 of 25 STEC, 2 of 7 EAEC, 1 of 3 EIEC, and 1 of 6E. coli isolates from the stool microflora of healthy individuals integrated the phage in their chromosomes and expressed resistance to chloramphenicol. Following induction with mitomycin, these lysogenic strains released infectious particles of φ3538(Δstx2 ::cat ) that formed plaques on a lawn ofE. coli laboratory strain C600. The results of our study demonstrate that φ3538(Δstx2 ::cat ) was able to infect and lysogenize particular enteric strains of pathogenic and nonpathogenicE. coli and that the lysogens produced infectious phage progeny. Stx-encoding bacteriophages are able to spreadstx genes among entericE. coli strains.

applied and environmental microbiology

Transduction of Enteric <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates with a Derivative of Shiga Toxin 2-Encoding Bacteriophage φ3538 Isolated from <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7

Transduction of Enteric Escherichia coli Isolates with a Derivative of Shiga Toxin 2-Encoding Bacteriophage φ3538 Isolated from Escherichia coli O157:H7