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UNL-1, a lytic virus ofPseudomonas aeruginosa , was observed to express a novel inducible DNA damage reactivation activity in UV-A-irradiatedP. aeruginosa host cells. The expression of bacteriophage reactivation was quantified in hosts exposed to either UV-C or UV-A radiation. While reactivation of UV-C-damaged UNL-1 was not inducible in UV-C-irradiated host cells, an approximately 13-fold induction was observed in UV-A-irradiated host cells. When host cells were exposed to sunlight, reactivation of damaged UNL-1 virus increased eightfold. The UV-A induction of UNL-1 DNA damage reactivation was supported in hosts lackingrecA gene function. This report is the first description of arecA -independent, UV-inducible virus DNA damage repair system. Our findings suggest that a combination of both host and virus DNA repair processes contribute to the persistence and sustained replication of some bacterial viruses in aquatic environments.

Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophage UNL-1, a Bacterial Virus with a Novel UV-A-Inducible DNA Damage Reactivation Phenotype