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This study was designed to determine whether isolates from chicken carcasses, the primary source ofCampylobacter jejuni andCampylobacter coli in human infections, commonly carry thecdt genes and also whether active cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is produced by these isolates.Campylobacter spp. were isolated from all 91 fresh chicken carcasses purchased from local supermarkets.Campylobacter spp. were identified on the basis of both biochemical and PCR tests. Of the 105 isolates, 70 (67%) were identified asC. jejuni , and 35 (33%) were identified asC. coli . PCR tests amplified portions of thecdt genes from all 105 isolates. Restriction analysis of PCR products indicated that there appeared to be species-specific differences between theC. jejuni andC. coli cdt genes, but that the restriction patterns of thecdt genes within strains of the same species were almost invariant. Quantitation of active CDT levels produced by the isolates indicated that allC. jejuni strains except four (94%) had mean CDT titers greater than 100. Only oneC. jejuni strain appeared to produce no active CDT.C. coli isolates produced little or no toxin. These results confirm the high rate ofCampylobacter sp. contamination of fresh chicken carcasses and indicate thatcdt genes may be universally present inC. jejuni andC. coli isolates from chicken carcasses.

Detection of Cytolethal Distending Toxin Activity and cdt Genes in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Chicken Carcasses