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Trichoderma harzianum is an effective biocontrol agent against several fungal soilborne plant pathogens. However, possible adverse effects of this fungus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might be a drawback in its use in plant protection. The objective of the present work was to examine the interaction betweenGlomus intraradices andT. harzianum in soil. The use of a compartmented growth system with root-free soil compartments enabled us to study fungal interactions without the interfering effects of roots. Growth of the fungi was monitored by measuring hyphal length and population densities, while specific fatty acid signatures were used as indicators of living fungal biomass. Hyphal33 P transport and β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity were used to monitor activity ofG. intraradices and a GUS-transformed strain ofT. harzianum , respectively. As growth and metabolism ofT. harzianum are requirements for antagonism, the impact of wheat bran, added as an organic nutrient source forT. harzianum , was investigated. The presence ofT. harzianum in root-free soil reduced root colonization byG. intraradices . The external hyphal length density ofG. intraradices was reduced by the presence ofT. harzianum in combination with wheat bran, but the living hyphal biomass, measured as the content of a membrane fatty acid, was not reduced. Hyphal33 P transport byG. intraradices also was not affected byT. harzianum . This suggests thatT. harzianum exploited the dead mycelium but not the living biomass ofG. intraradices . The presence of external mycelium ofG. intraradices suppressedT. harzianum population development and GUS activity. Stimulation of the hyphal biomass ofG. intraradices by organic amendment suggests that nutrient competition is a likely means of interaction. In conclusion, it seemed that growth of and phosphorus uptake by the external mycelium ofG. intraradices were not affected by the antagonistic fungusT. harzianum ; in contrast,T. harzianum was adversely affected byG. intraradices .

applied and environmental microbiology

Suppression of the Biocontrol Agent <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> by Mycelium of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus <i>Glomus intraradices</i> in Root-Free Soil

Suppression of the Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma harzianum by Mycelium of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices in Root-Free Soil