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A combination of the plant infection-soil dilution technique (most-probable-number [MPN] technique) and immunofluorescence direct count (IFDC) microscopy was used to examine the effects of three winter cover crop treatments on the distribution of a soil population ofRhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii across different size classes of soil aggregates (&lt;0.25, 0.25 to 0.5, 0.5 to 1.0, 1.0 to 2.0, and 2.0 to 5.0 mm). The aggregates were prepared from a Willamette silt loam soil immediately after harvest of broccoli (September 1995) and before planting and after harvest of sweet corn (June and September 1996, respectively). The summer crops were grown in soil that had been either fallowed or planted with a cover crop of red clover (legume) or triticale (cereal) from September to April. TheRhizobium soil population was heterogeneously distributed across the different size classes of soil aggregates, and the distribution was influenced by cover crop treatment and sampling time. On both September samplings, the smallest size class of aggregates (&lt;0.25 mm) recovered from the red clover plots carried between 30 and 70% of the total nodulatingR. leguminosarum population, as estimated by the MPN procedure, while the same aggregate size class from the June sampling carried only ∼6% of the population. In June, IDFC microscopy revealed that the 1.0- to 2.0-mm size class of aggregates from the red clover treatment carried a significantly greater population density of the successful nodule-occupying serotype, AR18, than did the aggregate size classes of  1.0 mm. The populations of two otherRhizobium serotypes (AR6 and AS36) followed the same trends of distribution in the June and September samplings. These data indicate the existence of structural microsites that vary in their suitabilities to support growth and protection of bacteria and that are influenced by the presence and type of plant grown in the soil.

Distribution of a Population ofRhizobium leguminosarumbv. trifolii among Different Size Classes of Soil Aggregates