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Bacteria which were β-d -galactosidase and β-d -glucuronidase positive or expressed only one of these enzymes were isolated from environmental water samples. The enzymatic activity of these bacteria was measured in 25-min assays by using the fluorogenic substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d -galactoside and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d -glucuronide. The enzyme activity, enzyme induction, and enzyme temperature characteristics of target and nontarget bacteria in assays aimed at detecting coliform bacteria andEscherichia coli were investigated. The potential interference of false-positive bacteria was evaluated. Several of the β-d -galactosidase-positive nontarget bacteria but none of the β-d -glucuronidase-positive nontarget bacteria contained unstable enzyme at 44.5°C. The activity of target bacteria was highly inducible. Nontarget bacteria were induced much less or were not induced by the inducers used. The results revealed large variations in the enzyme levels of different β-d -galactosidase- and β-d -glucuronidase-positive bacteria. The induced and noninduced β-d -glucuronidase activities ofBacillus spp. andAerococcus viridans were approximately the same as the activities of inducedE. coli . Except for some isolates identified asAeromonas spp., all of the induced and noninduced β-d -galactosidase-positive, noncoliform isolates exhibited at least 2 log units less mean β-d -galactosidase activity than inducedE. coli . The noncoliform bacteria must be present in correspondingly higher concentrations than those of target bacteria to interfere in the rapid assay for detection of coliform bacteria.

applied and environmental microbiology

Enzyme Characteristics of β- <scp>d</scp> -Galactosidase- and β- <scp>d</scp> -Glucuronidase-Positive Bacteria and Their Interference in Rapid Methods for Detection of Waterborne Coliforms and <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Enzyme Characteristics of β- d -Galactosidase- and β- d -Glucuronidase-Positive Bacteria and Their Interference in Rapid Methods for Detection of Waterborne Coliforms and Escherichia coli