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Thaxtomin A is the main phytotoxin produced byStreptomyces scabies , a causal agent of potato scab. Thaxtomin A is a yellow compound composed of 4-nitroindol-3-yl-containing 2,5-dioxopiperazine. A collection of nonpathogenic streptomycetes isolated from potato tubers and microorganisms recovered from a thaxtomin A solution were examined for the ability to grow in the presence of thaxtomin A as a sole carbon or nitrogen source. Three bacterial isolates and two fungal isolates grew in thaxtomin A-containing media. Growth of these organisms resulted in decreases in the optical densities at 400 nm of culture supernatants and in 10% reductions in the thaxtomin A concentration. The fungal isolates were identified as aPenicillium sp. isolate and aTrichoderma sp. isolate. One bacterial isolate was associated with the speciesRalstonia pickettii , and the two other bacterial isolates were identified asStreptomyces sp. strains. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes were determined in order to compare thaxtomin A-utilizing actinomycetes to the pathogenic organismS. scabies and otherStreptomyces species. The nucleotide sequences of the γ variable regions of the 16S ribosomal DNA of both thaxtomin A-utilizing actinomycetes were identical to the sequence ofStreptomyces mirabilis ATCC 27447. When inoculated onto potato tubers, the three thaxtomin A-utilizing bacteria protected growing plants against common scab, but the fungal isolates did not have any protective effect.

Selection and Characterization of Microorganisms Utilizing Thaxtomin A, a Phytotoxin Produced by Streptomyces scabies