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An actively antagonistic bacterium that could be used as a biocontrol agent againstFusarium solani , which causes root rots with considerable losses in many important crops, was isolated from a ginseng rhizosphere and identified as a strain ofPseudomonas stutzeri . In several biochemical tests with culture filtrates ofP. stutzeri YPL-1 and in mutational analyses of antifungal activities of reinforced or defective mutants, we found that the anti-F. solani mechanism of the bacterium may involve a lytic enzyme rather than a toxic substance or antibiotic.P. stutzeri YPL-1 produced extracellular chitinase and laminarinase when grown on different polymers such as chitin, laminarin, orF. solani mycelium. These lytic extracellular enzymes markedly inhibited mycelial growth rather than spore germination and also caused lysis ofF. solani mycelia and germ tubes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed degradation of theF. solani mycelium. Abnormal hyphal swelling and retreating were caused by the lysing agents fromP. stutzeri YPL-1, and a penetration hole was formed on the hyphae in the region of interaction with the bacterium; the walls of this region were rapidly lysed, causing leakage of protoplasm. Genetically bredP. stutzeri YPL-1 was obtained by transformation of the bacterium with a broad-host-range vector, pKT230. Also, the best conditions for the transformation were investigated.

Pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1 Genetic Transformation and Antifungal Mechanism against Fusarium solani , an Agent of Plant Root Rot