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The bphA, -B, -C, and -D genes from Pseudomonas testosteroni B-356 were mapped to a 5.5-kb DNA fragment of cloned plasmids pDA1 and pDA2 by use of deletion and insertion mutants of these plasmids. The expression of each of these genes was evaluated in Escherichia coli and in Pseudomonas putida, and it was found that the bphC and bphD genes are well expressed in both E. coli and P. putida cells while the bphA and bphB genes are very poorly expressed in E. coli, even when placed downstream of a tac promotor. P. putida clones carrying the bphA gene were used to study the metabolites produced from 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl, and 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl. It was shown that dehalogenation of 4-Cl and 2-Cl occurs in the course of the initial oxygenase attack on these molecules, which always occurs on carbons 2 and 3, independently of the positions of the chlorine atoms. Our data also suggest that in the case of polychlorobiphenyl congeners carrying chlorine atoms on both rings, it appears that, depending on the chlorine positions, dioxygenation will occur predominantly on one ring over the other. However, attack of the more resistant ring is not excluded, resulting in multiple conversion pathways.

applied and environmental microbiology

Subcloning of bph genes from Pseudomonas testosteroni B-356 in Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli: evidence for dehalogenation during initial attack on chlorobiphenyls