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Erwinia carotovora subsp.betavasculorum strains produced a bactericidal antibiotic in vitro that inhibited a wide spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The optimum temperature for production was 24°C, and the addition of glycerol to culture media enhanced antibiotic production. Antibiotic production by these strains in the infection court of potato was the principal determinant enabling it to gain ascendancy over competing antibiotic-sensitiveErwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora strains. There was a complete correlation between antibiotic production byE. carotovora subsp.betavasculorum in vitro and inhibition of competingE. carotovora subsp.carotovora strains in planta. Inhibition of the latter by the former was apparent after 10 h of incubation in potato tuber wounds. Population densities of sensitiveE. carotovora subsp.carotovora strains in mixed potato tuber infections withE. carotovora subsp.betavasculorum were approximately 106 -fold lower after 48 h of incubation than in corresponding single sensitive strain infections.E. carotovora subsp.carotovora were not inhibited in tuber infections that were incubated anaerobically. This correlated with the absence of antibiotic production during anaerobic incubation in vitro. Antibiotic-resistant strains ofE. carotovora subsp.carotovora were not inhibited in planta or in vitro byE. carotovora subsp.betavasculorum. Moreover, isogenic antibiotic-negative (Ant− ) mutantE. carotovora subsp.betavasculorum strains were not inhibitory to sensitiveE. carotovora subsp.carotovora strains in tuber infections.

Role of Antibiosis in Competition of Erwinia Strains in Potato Infection Courts