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Hydrogen production by incubated cyanobacterial epiphytes occurred only in the dark, was stimulated by C2 H2 , and was inhibited by O2 . Addition of NO3 − inhibited dark, anaerobic H2 production, whereas the addition of NH4 + inhibited N2 fixation (C2 H2 reduction) but not dark H2 production. Aerobically incubated cyanobacterial aggregates consumed H2 , but light-incubated rates (3.6 μmol of H2 g−1 h−1 ) were statistically equivalent to dark uptake rates (4.8 μmol of H2 g−1 h−1 ), which were statistically equivalent to dark, anaerobic production rates (2.5 to 10 μmol of H2 g−1 h−1 ). Production rates of H2 were fourfold higher for aggregates in a more advanced stage of decomposition. Enrichment cultures of H2 -producing fermentative bacteria were recovered from freshly harvested, H2 -producing cyanobacterial aggregates. Hydrogen production in these cyanobacterial communities appears to be caused by the resident bacterial flora and not by the cyanobacteria. In situ areal estimates of dark H2 production by submerged epiphytes (6.8 μmol of H2 m−2 h−1 ) were much lower than rates of light-driven N2 fixation by the epiphytic cyanobacteria (310 μmol of C2 H4 m−2 h−1 ).

Hydrogen Metabolism by Decomposing Cyanobacterial Aggregates in Big Soda Lake, Nevada