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Received forpublication April14,1954, revised December3,1954 Theyeasts thatarefoundinyoghurt, lebenand dahiaregenerally regarded ascontaminants inthat, asarule, theyresult inunpleasant odors, yeastiness, or bitter taste. Little isknownaboutthenature oftheseyeasts andtheir action uponthechemical constituents and thebacterial flora ofyoghurt andtherelated products. Ram Ayyar(1928) described a yeastfoundindahi whichfermented dextrose andsucrose, assimilated lactic acid, andpeptonized thecurd. Dahilactobacilli grownwiththis yeast lived for1month, whereas, grown alone, thelactobacilli ordinarily diedin7days. Graham (1943) foundthatLactobacillus bulgaricus usually died in2to3weeksbutsurvived manymonthswhengrown withdifferent yeasts. Fiveofthese yeasts didnotutilize lactic acid, whereas otheryeasts whichassimilated lactate didnotextend thelife ofL.bulgaricus. Theauthor obtained samples ofyeast-contaminated yoghurt which, although several months old, contained viable organisms ofL.bulgaricus andStreptococcus thermophilus. Asaresult ofthis observation, anumber ofyeasts wereisolated fromvarious samples ofyoghurt withthepurpose ofinvestigating theeffect ofthese yeasts upontheviability oftheabovebacteria: MATERIALSAND METHODS Twenty-seven yeasts wereisolated from35samples ofcommercial yoghurt, mostofwhichwereobtained fromsmall producers andrestaurants inWilmington (Delaware), Philadelphia andNewYorkCity. These yeasts werefound tofall intothree typesandarereferred tothroughout thispaperasyl,y2,andy3. Theywereisolated bystreaking yoghurt on Sabouraud's agarandincubating at25C.Theability to sporulate wastested bythefirst fourmethods described byWickerham (1951). Thelactic acidandcitric acid assimilation tests werecarried outaccording toWickerhamandBurton(1948) andthevitamin deficiency as suggested byWickerham (1950). TheL.bulgaricus andS.thermophilus cultures were obtained fromsamples ofyoghurt andfromtheAmeri

A Synergism Between Yoghurt Bacteria and Yeasts and the Effect of Their Association Upon the Viability of the Bacteria1