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This large-scale study compared incubation temperatures (37°C versus 42°C) to study the detection of thermophilicCampylobacter species, includingCampylobacter jejuni ,C. coli , andC. lari , in various surface water samples and bird fecal droppings around Hamilton Harbor, Lake Ontario. The putative culture isolates obtained from incubation temperatures of 37 and 42°C were confirmed byCampylobacter genus- and species-specific triplex PCR assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. A total of 759 water, wastewater, and bird fecal dropping samples were tested. Positive amplification reactions for the genusCampylobacter were found for 454 (60%) samples incubated at 37°C, compared to 258 (34%) samples incubated at 42°C.C. jejuni (16%) andC. lari (12%) were detected significantly more frequently at the 42°C incubation temperature than at 37°C (8% and 5%, respectively). In contrast, significantly higher rates ofC. coli (14%) and otherCampylobacter spp. (36%) were detected at the 37°C incubation temperature than at 42°C (8% and 7%, respectively). These results were consistent across surface water, wastewater, and bird fecal dropping samples. At times,Campylobacter spp. were recovered and detected at 37°C (3% forC. jejuni , 10% forC. coli , and 3% forC. lari ) when the same samples incubated at 42°C were negative. A significantly higher rate of otherCampylobacter spp. was detected only at 37°C (32%) than only at 42°C (3%). These results indicate that incubation temperature can significantly influence the culturability and detection of thermophilic and other fastidiousCampylobacter spp. and that a comprehensive characterization of theCampylobacter spp. in surface water, wastewaters, or bird fecal droppings will require incubation at both 37 and 42°C.

applied and environmental microbiology

Effect of Incubation Temperature on the Detection of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species from Freshwater Beaches, Nearby Wastewater Effluents, and Bird Fecal Droppings