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The heavy metal cadmium is widely used and released into the environment, posing a severe threat to crops and humans.Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most commonly used organisms in the investigation of environmental metal toxicity. We investigated cadmium stress and the adaptive mechanisms of yeast by screening a genome-wide essential gene overexpression library. A candidate gene,OLE1 , encodes a delta-9 desaturase and was associated with high anti-cadmium-stress activity. The results demonstrated that the expression ofOLE1 was positively correlated with cadmium stress tolerance and induction was independent of Mga2p and Spt23p (important regulatory factors forOLE1 ). Moreover, in response to cadmium stress, cellular levels of monounsaturated fatty acids were increased. The addition of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids simulated overexpression ofOLE1 , leading to cadmium resistance. Such regulation ofOLE1 in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids may serve as a positive feedback mechanism to help cells counter the lipid peroxidation and cytoplasmic membrane damage caused by cadmium.IMPORTANCE AS. cerevisiae gene encoding a delta-9 desaturase,OLE1 , was associated with high anti-cadmium-stress activity. The data suggest that the regulation ofOLE1 in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids may serve as a positive feedback mechanism to help yeast cells counter the lipid peroxidation and cytoplasmic membrane damage caused by cadmium. The discovery ofOLE1 involvement in membrane stability may indicate a novel defense strategy against cadmium stress.

Overexpression of OLE1 Enhances Cytoplasmic Membrane Stability and Confers Resistance to Cadmium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae