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Many microorganisms, including the plant pathogenPseudomonas syringae , produce amphiphilic compounds known as biosurfactants. While biosurfactants are known to disperse hydrophobic compounds and to reduce water tension, they have other properties that can benefit the cells that produce them. Leaf-colonizing bacteria experience frequent water stress, since liquid water is present only transiently on or in leaf sites that they colonize. The demonstration that syringafactin, a biosurfactant produced byP. syringae , is sufficiently hygroscopic to increase water availability to cells, thus relieving water stress, reveals thatP. syringae can modify its local habitat both on leaf surfaces and in the leaf apoplast. Such habitat modification may be a common role for biosurfactants produced by other bacterial species that colonize habitats (such as soil) that are not always water saturated.

Pseudomonas syringae Increases Water Availability in Leaf Microenvironments via Production of Hygroscopic Syringafactin