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Members of the genusCryptosporidium are waterborne protozoa of great health concern. Many studies have attempted to find appropriate surrogates for assessingCryptosporidium filtration removal in porous media. In this study, we evaluated the filtration ofCryptosporidium parvum in granular limestone medium by the use of biotin- and glycoprotein-coated carboxylated polystyrene microspheres (CPMs) as surrogates. Column experiments were carried out with core material taken from a managed aquifer recharge site in Adelaide, Australia. For the experiments with injection of a single type of particle, we observed the total removal of the oocysts and glycoprotein-coated CPMs, a 4.6- to 6.3-log10 reduction of biotin-coated CPMs, and a 2.6-log10 reduction of unmodified CPMs. When two different types of particles were simultaneously injected, glycoprotein-coated CPMs showed a 5.3-log10 reduction, while the uncoated CPMs displayed a 3.7-log10 reduction, probably due to particle-particle interactions. Our results confirm that glycoprotein-coated CPMs are the most accurate surrogates forC. parvum ; biotin-coated CPMs are slightly more conservative, while unmodified CPMs are markedly overly conservative for predictingC. parvum removal in granular limestone medium. The total removal ofC. parvum observed in our study suggests that granular limestone medium is very effective for the filtration removal ofC. parvum and could potentially be used for the pretreatment of drinking water and aquifer storage recovery of recycled water.

applied and environmental microbiology

Biotin- and Glycoprotein-Coated Microspheres as Surrogates for Studying Filtration Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum in a Granular Limestone Aquifer Medium