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Bacteria in the genusRickettsiella (Coxiellaceae ), which are mainly known as arthropod pathogens, are emerging as excellent models to study transitions between mutualism and pathogenicity. The current report characterizes a novelRickettsiella found in the leafhopperOrosius albicinctus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a major vector of phytoplasma diseases in Europe and Asia. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and pyrosequencing were used to survey the main symbionts ofO. albicinctus , revealing the obligate symbiontsSulcia andNasuia , and the facultative symbiontsArsenophonus andWolbachia , in addition toRickettsiella . The leafhopperRickettsiella is allied with bacteria found in ticks. ScreeningO. albicinctus from the field showed thatRickettsiella is highly prevalent, with over 60% of individuals infected. A stableRickettsiella infection was maintained in a leafhopper laboratory colony for at least 10 generations, and fluorescence microscopy localized bacteria to accessory glands of the female reproductive tract, suggesting that the bacterium is vertically transmitted. Future studies will be needed to examine howRickettsiella affects host fitess and its ability to vector phytopathogens.

Novel Rickettsiella Bacterium in the Leafhopper Orosius albicinctus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)