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The alternative sigma factor RpoE is essential for the virulence ofVibrio alginolyticus toward marine fish, coral, and other animals in response to sea surface temperature increases. In this study, we characterized another alternative sigma factor, RpoX, which is induced at high temperatures and under low-osmotic-stress conditions. The expression ofrpoX is under the tight control of RpoE and RpoX. Although RpoE and RpoX coregulate 105 genes, they are programming different regulatory functions in stress responses and virulence inV. alginolyticus . These findings illuminated the RpoE-RpoX-centered regulatory cascades and their distinct and overlapping regulatory roles inV. alginolyticus , which facilitates unraveling of the mechanisms by which the bacterium causes diseases in various sea animals in response to temperature fluctuations as well as the development of appropriate strategies to tackle infections by this bacterium.

applied and environmental microbiology

Alternative Sigma Factor RpoX Is a Part of the RpoE Regulon and Plays Distinct Roles in Stress Responses, Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Hemolytic Activities in the Marine Pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus