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Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen that may be responsible for severe human infections. Only a limited number of serotypes, including O26:H11, are involved in the majority of serious cases and outbreaks. The main virulence factors, Shiga toxins (Stx), are encoded by bacteriophages. Seventy-four STEC O26:H11 strains of various origins (including human, dairy, and cattle) were characterized for theirstx subtypes and Stx phage chromosomal insertion sites. The majority of food and cattle strains possessed thestx 1a subtype, while human strains carried mainlystx 1a orstx 2a . ThewrbA andyehV genes were the main Stx phage insertion sites in STEC O26:H11, followed distantly byyecE andsbcB . Interestingly, the occurrence of Stx phages inserted in theyecE gene was low in dairy strains. In most of the 29stx -negativeE. coli O26:H11 strains also studied here, these bacterial insertion sites were vacant. Multilocus sequence typing of 20stx -positive orstx -negativeE. coli O26:H11 strains showed that they were distributed into two phylogenetic groups defined by sequence type 21 (ST21) and ST29. Finally, an EspK-carrying phage was found inserted in thessrA gene in the majority of the STEC O26:H11 strains but in only a minority of thestx -negativeE. coli O26:H11 strains. The differences in thestx subtypes and Stx phage insertion sites observed in STEC O26:H11 according to their origin might reflect that strains circulating in cattle and foods are clonally distinct from those isolated from human patients.

applied and environmental microbiology

Diversity of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26:H11 Strains Examined via <i>stx</i> Subtypes and Insertion Sites of Stx and EspK Bacteriophages

Diversity of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26:H11 Strains Examined via stx Subtypes and Insertion Sites of Stx and EspK Bacteriophages