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The objective of this study was to perform molecular surveillance for assessing the spread of carbapenemase-producingPseudomonas aeruginosa in Czech hospitals. One hundred thirty-six carbapenemase-producing isolates were recovered from 22 hospitals located throughout the country. Sequence type 357 (ST357) dominated (n = 120) among carbapenemase producers. One hundred seventeen isolates produced IMP-type (IMP-7 [n = 116] and IMP-1 [n = 1]) metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs), 15 produced the VIM-2 MβL, and the remaining isolates expressed the GES-5 enzyme. Thebla IMP -like genes were located in three main integron types, with In-p110-like being the most prevalent (n = 115). The two other IMP-encoding integrons (In1392 and In1393) have not been described previously.bla VIM-2 -carrying integrons included In59-like, In56, and a novel element (In1391).bla GES-5 was carried by In717. Sequencing data showed that In-p110-like was associated with a Tn4380 -like transposon inserted in genomic island LESGI-3 in theP. aeruginosa chromosome. The other integrons were also integrated into theP. aeruginosa chromosome. These findings indicated the clonal spread of ST357P. aeruginosa , carrying the IMP-7-encoding integron In-p110, in Czech hospitals. Additionally, the sporadic emergence ofP. aeruginosa producing different carbapenemase types, associated with divergent or novel integrons, punctuated the ongoing evolution of these bacteria.

antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa of Czech Origin and Evidence for Clonal Spread of Extensively Resistant Sequence Type 357 Expressing IMP-7 Metallo-β-Lactamase