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Human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) normally presents an HLA class Ia signal peptide to the NKG2A/C-CD94 regulatory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells and T cell subsets. Rhesus macaques immunized with a cytomegalovirus-vectored simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine generated Mamu-E (HLA-E homolog)-restricted T cell responses that mediated post-challenge SIV replication arrest in &gt;50% of animals. However, HIV-1-specific, HLA-E-restricted T cells have not been observed in HIV-1-infected individuals. Here, HLA-E-restricted, HIV-1-specific CD8  +  T cells were primed in vitro. These T cell clones and allogeneic CD8  +  T cells transduced with their T cell receptors suppressed HIV-1 replication in CD4  +  T cells in vitro. Vaccine induction of efficacious HLA-E-restricted HIV-1-specific T cells should therefore be possible.

HLA-E–restricted, Gag-specific CD8+T cells can suppress HIV-1 infection, offering vaccine opportunities

HLA-E–restricted, Gag-specific CD8⁺T cells can suppress HIV-1 infection, offering vaccine opportunities