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While renormalization group theory is a fully established method to captureequilibrium phase transitions, the applicability of RG theory to universalnon-equilibrium behavior remains elusive. Here we address this question bymeasuring the non-equilibrium dynamics triggered by a quench from superfluid tothermal phase across the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a 2DBose gas. We quench the system by splitting the 2D gas in two and probe therelaxation dynamics by measuring the phase correlation function and vortexdensity via matter-wave interferometry. The dynamics occur via a two-stepprocess of rapid phonon thermalization followed by slow dynamic vortexunbinding. We demonstrate universal scaling laws for the algebraic exponentsand vortex density, supported by classical-field simulations, and show theiragreement with the real-time RG theory.

Universal Scaling of the Dynamic BKT Transition in Quenched 2D Bose Gases